Salting out and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop microextraction as a new approach for simultaneous determination of phenol and chlorophenols in water samples

In the present research, salting out and vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop microextraction (SO-VADLLME-SFODME)  for the extraction and determination of phenol and chlorophenols in water samples followed by HPLC have been studied through a novel, simple, low-cost, selectable and environment friendly (so called green) method. Three approaches have been combined in a way that their advantages have been used while reducing their deficiencies. The effects of various empirical parameters such as pH, type and volume of dispersive solvent, the volume of extracted organic solvent, salt concentration, the condition of centrifuge, and mixing time were studied and optimal conditions were achieved by using Mini-Tab software and Respond Surface Methodology (RSM) based upon Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Desirability Function (DF). Under the optimum conditions, calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.1 to 1000 μgL-1, limit of detections (LODs) were in the range of  0.06 to 0.34μgL-1 and r2>0.9916, respectively. The method was also utilized to measure phenol and chlorophenols in various water samples successfully resulted in extraction recoveries ranged from 92.8 to 103.9%.